10 savjeta uz koje ćete snimati poput profesionalca
Da se razumijemo, ne morate imati bezobrazno skupu opremu da biste snimili vrhunsku fotografiju. Isto tako, ne morate biti profesionalac da biste snimali poput profesionalca. Dovoljno je tek da se pridržavate deset osnovnih pravila fotografiranja. Pa krenimo redom.
1. Stavite pravu stvar na pravo mjesto Ovdje ne mislimo na pjesmu Aerodroma već na pravilno kadriranje. Srce svake fotografije je kompozicija - pozicija različitih elemenata u zadanom okviru. Kad ste uhvatili dobar kadar sjetite se osnovnog pravila fotografiranja - Pravila trećine. Dobit ćete znatno dinamičniju fotografiju nego da ste objekt snimanja smjestili u sredinu. Većina uređaja omogućuje prikaz ovog pravila na LCD zaslonu ili samom tražilu, pa vam predlažemo da ga aktivirate. Barem dok vam ne uđe u "ruku i oko".
2. Podesite kompenzaciju ekspozicije
Kad snimate u automatskom načinu snimanja, uređaj pokušava podesiti ekspoziciju, odnosno određuje koliko će tamna ili svjetala snimka biti. Ako nikako ne uspijevate snimiti dovoljno dobro osvijetljenu fotografiju, preuzmite stvar u svoje ruke - sami podesite ekspoziciju. Gumbić za kompenzaciju (podešavanje) ekspoziciji nalazi se na kameri ili u nekom od izbornika. Prepoznat ćete ih po simbolima -/+. Ako je fotografija pretamna, pomaknite izbornik u plus; a ako je previše svjetla, idete u lijevo tj. u minus.
3. Odaberite pravi mod
Danas gotovo sve kamere imaju predefinirane načine (modove) snimanja: od potpune automatike u kojima uređaj radi doslovno sve - na vama je tek da okinete fotografiju, pa do modova za snimanje pejzaža, portreta, noćnih scena, sportskih događaja...
Ako snimate nekakvu akciju, odaberite mod "S" (Shutter) na kojem možete podesiti brzinu kojim uređaj snima. U ovom slučaju oznaka 1/125 znači da će uređaj "okinuti" fotku u svega 125. dijelu sekunde, 1/4 u četvrtini sekunde. Svaki od modova podesit će onaj parametar koji vam je u određenom trenutku najpotrebniji.
4. Pazite na svjetlo. Kad fotografirate obratite pažnju na to koliko svjetla je dostupno i odakle dolazi. Ako snimate na otvorenome, pripazite da ne snimate u sunce, odnosno da vam se sunce ne nalazi iza objekta ili osobe koju snimate. Kad snimate građevine ili nekakve povijesne znamenitosti, a nemate dovoljno prostora da uhvatite pravi položaj - upalite bljeskalicu. Iako se čini pomalo amaterski koristiti je za svijetlog dana to ne mora nužno biti tako. Naime, bljeskalica će "obrisati" uvijek neugodne sjene. Često ćete je morati aktivirati ručno jer će fotić zaključiti kako vam bljeskalica ne treba ako ima dovoljno svjetla.
5. Koristite bljeskalicu na pametan način. Bljeskalice su posebno korisne kod snimanja portreta ili obiteljskih fotografija, no fotografije često ispadnu "spaljene" ako ga koristite preblizu objekta snimanja. Kad već morate koristiti flash, udaljite se korak ili dva, a samu udaljenost kompenzirajte zumiranjem na objektivu. Ako vam fotografije i dalje ispadaju presvijetle ili pretamne, provjerite je li vam uključena kompenzacija bljeskalice. Naime, na većini naprednih uređaja možete podesiti jačinu bljeskalice na način koji vam to najbolje odgovara.
6. Koristite difuzor za bljeskalice. Smanjili ste jačinu bljeskalice, no fotografije su i dalje "spaljene" od flasha?! Stavite difuzor koji će raspršiti svjetlo. Svakako uzmite u obzir da difuzor prigušuje svjetlo pa od bljeskalice ne očekujte da vam osvijetli cijelu obitelj s difuzorom na njoj. Difuzor možete napraviti i sami.
7. Podesite White Balancea odnosno balans bijele. Ova postavka vrlo je često zapostavljena kod korisnika digitalnih fotoaparata, posebice među početnicima i amaterima. Vaša kamera pokušat će samostalno podesiti balans ovisno o svjetlu u kojem snimate. Različita svjetla daju različite tonove boja - sunce daje plavu, Volframovo svjetlo daje žutu, a flourescentno pomalo zelenu. U većini slučajeva, kamera će automatski otkriti u kojem svjetlu snimate te sukladno tome podesiti boje kako bi fotografije izgledale prirodno. Kod snimanja u kojima postoji više različitih izvora svjetlosti, kamera ne može sve ispravno podesiti sama, pa fotografije ispadnu neprirodne ili presvijetle.
[blockquote author="Unknown"U tom slučaju, WB podesite sami, jednostavno potražite oznaku ili izbornik WB na svojem fotoaparatu. Naravno, ovo možete kasnije ispraviti u nekom od softvera, no najbolje je to učiniti odmah.[/blockquote]
8. Koristite stativ ili monopad! Sigurno ste se ponekad upitali zašto zašto je neka fotografija tako kristalno oštra. Odgovor je jednostavan - zato što je kamera bila savršeno mirna kod snimanja. Bez obzira koliko vi čvrsto ili ispravno držali fotoaparat, i bez obzira koliko on sam može stabilizirati fotografiju, uvijek dolazi do nekakvom pomaka. Čak i najmanji mikropomak dovoljan je da fotografija više ne bude besprijekorno oštra. Zato koristite stative!
Ako se bavite sportskom fotografijom ili hvatate objekte koji se kreću, teško ćete ih uhvatiti s aparatom na stativu. U ovom slučaju morat ćete napraviti kompromis u vidu monopada (stalka s jednom nogom).
9. Brišite fotografije bez milosti! Snimili ste milijun fotki, no što sad s njima? Većina amatera sve ih s memorijske kartice prebaci na računalo i neki dodatnu memoriju i to bez da naprave selekciju i odvoji žito od kukolja. Nemojte i vi biti jedan od ovih amatera. Pregledajte sve fotografije na monitoru i nemilosrdno obrišite sve one koje nisu savršene ili barem dovoljno dobre. Isto postupite s "duplićima" i svim fotografijama koje su vam "užasno slične". Tek nakon toga možete ih podijeliti na nekoj od društvenih mreža, jer bolje je podijeliti samo nekoliko odličnih nego desetak odličnih izmiješanih sa stotinama ne dovoljno dobrih.
10. Koristite Photoshop i slične softvere. Fotoaparati su moćni, no nisu svemogući. Koristite alate Picasa, Flickr i iPhoto za razvrstavanje i kategoriziranje fotografija, te Photoshop i Lightroom ili neki od mnogobrojnih besplatnih alata za obradu fotografije. U njima možete "cropati" ili znatno poboljšati svaku fotografiju. Da, to rade svi profesionalno fotografi.
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